Son of pneumonia on alert!

Pneumonia is not a new disease. Year 1936 pneumonia become the number one cause of death in the United States. The use of antibiotics, making this disease can be controlled several years later. However, in 2000, a combination of pneumonia and influenza rampant again.

In Indonesia, pneumonia is the number three cause of death after cardiovascular and tuberculosis. Social and economic factors that enhance the low death rate. Pneumonia cases found at the most attacked five children. According to the WHO report, about 800,000 to 1 million children die each year due to pneumonia. Even UNICEF and the WHO mentioned the cause of death as pneumonia children under five highest, exceeding other diseases such as measles, malaria and AIDS.

Pneumonia is an infection that causes the lungs excited. Bag air in the lungs called alveoli filled pus and fluid, so the ability to absorb oxygen into less. Lack of oxygen to make the cells can not work. This is because, in addition to the spread of infection throughout the body, people with pneumonia can die. Actually pneumonia is not a single disease. The causes can be diverse and there are 30 known sources of infection with the main source of the bacteria, viruses, mikroplasma, mushrooms, various chemicals and particles.

Pneumonia is the process of acute infection of the lungs network (alveoli). The occurrence of pneumonia in children often coincides with the acute infection process in bronkus (called bronchopneumonia). Symptoms of the disease this form napas quickly and napas crowded, because the lungs, sudden hot. Napas speed limit is the frequency of people as much as 50 times per minute or more children at age 2 months to less than 1 year, and 40 times per minute or more children in the age of 1 year to less than 5 years old. In children under the age of 2 months, not known for pneumonia diagnosis.

Pneumonia marked by the heavy coughing or (also accompanied by) the trouble breathing, shortness or withdrawal napas chest wall into the bottom of the children aged 2 months to less than 5 years old. In this age group also known as pneumonia is very heavy with symptoms of cough, with symptoms of the trouble breathing sianosis central and can not drink. Meanwhile, for children under 2 months, marked by severe pneumonia is a frequency of 60 times per minute or more or (also accompanied by a) drawing strong in the chest wall into the bottom.

According to specialists from the lungs RSIA Hermina Jatinegara, Dr. Bambang Supriyatno SpA (K), the fundamental difference between pneumonia with TB is located on the types of microorganisms that menginfeksi. ''Pneumonia in the community generally, are caused by bacteria, viruses or mikoplasma (of the transition between the bacteria and viruses),''he said. Bambang mentioned, is a common bacteria Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella Sp, Pseudomonas sp. Meanwhile, viruses such as influenza virus. "In TB, a type of microorganisms menginfeksinya is mikrobakterium tuberculosis,''continued. Rentannya children affected by the disease due to pneumonia generally weak or not sempurnanya sends the immune system. Therefore, mikrorganisme or bacteria more easily penetrate the defense of the body.

The type of bacteria, or pneumococcus increasingly popular recently pneumokok line more dikenalnya disease Invasive Pneumococcal conjugate Disease (IPD). In addition to pneumonia, including the IPD peritonitis is the brain (meningitis) or blood infection (bakteremia). "In the pneumonia caused by bacteria pneumokok, often cause complications and also lead to people affected by meningitis or bakteremia," said Bambang.

Specialist doctors child from RSAB Harapan Kita, Dr. Phylo Dewanti SpA pneumokok explained that the bacteria can enter through infection in the mouth and throat area, mukosa penetrate the network and into the blood vessel, the flow of blood to the lungs and brain membrane. "As a result, arising inflammation in the lungs and brain membrane region," he added.

Symptoms are especially fever, difficulty breathing, rapid pulse and napas, colored sputum or greenery, such as rubber, and the results of X-ray showed the density in the lungs. Occurred because of the density of cells filled lungs, inflammation and fluid that is a reaction to the body off the germs. But consequently, subject to the lungs, people have difficulty breathing, because it left no room for oxygen.

However, the initial symptoms are often quite simple to make parents less vigilant against this disease. "Parents often come too late to bring their children to the doctor. Because the initial symptoms of fever and cough, parents often treat their own home with regular medication, have been crowded when the new brought to a doctor, "said Atilla. Because of the neurology doctor spesialins children should declare this when children high fever and cough, doctors flee to know to search for the cause.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Pneumonia diagnosis is done by various ways. First with the general physical examination. After that, there are also checks penunjuang lungs, such as X-rays and blood. Handling pneumonia can be done in several ways. Generally, the provision of treatment with antibiotics. "People pneumonia can be cured when I was given antibiotics in accordance with the type of TB germs, only need high doses and long-time," said Atilla.

However, the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae start resisten or immune to some types of antibiotics. Even the Asia-stated as a hot zone, namely, the areas with high levels of resistance to the bacteria pneumokok. Therefore, when pneumonia, which is quite severe, handling is also done by opname. With special care in the hospital, patients can get rest and a more intensive treatment, or even oxygen therapy as a supporter. In addition, people with pneumonia also need a lot of liquids to prevent dehydration. This fluid can be obtained by drinking more water and through the Doofus.

For pneumonia by the virus there has been no specific guidelines, although some antivirus drugs have been used. Most patients can be treated. Usually, a doctor who handles pneumonia will have the appropriate medications each, after the patient's temperature back to normal, the doctor will instruct the treatment continued for kekambuhan prevent. Its next attack can be more severe than the first. In addition to antibiotics, patients will also receive an additional form of the pattern of food and oxygen to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood.

In some cases, Atilla explains that pneumonia is experiencing complications that can leave many side effects. "Children can have various side effects such as interference intelligence, the development of motor disturbances, hearing loss and speech delay," he said. However, Bambang still ensure that children with pneumonia also can recover the total and with a normal life.

Prevention

Countermeasures disease Pnemonia become the focus of the program P2ISPA (Line of Infectious Diseases acute). This program is underway to terms pneumonia known community to facilitate outreach activities and dissemination of information about handling. P2ISPA program classifying people into 2 groups of age. Namely, under the age of 2 months (Pnemonia Weight and Non Pnemonia) and the age of 2 months to less than 5 years old.

Non-pnemonia classification includes five groups of people with coughs that do not show symptoms of increased frequency of breath and showing no withdrawal chest wall into the bottom. ISPA disease outside of pneumonia include cough-cold normal, pharyngitis, tonsilitis and Otitis. Classic expression that "better to prevent than treat" really relevant to this disease pneumonia. Given that treatment more difficult, especially related to the increase of resistance pneumococcal bacteria, the prevention measures are recommended.

IPD prevention of diseases, including pneumonia, can be done by or pneumococcal vaccination also often referred to as the IPD vaccine. According to Atilla who also served in special clinics and encourage our children RSAB expectancy, with the opportunity to prevent pneumonia vaccine IPD is around 80-90%.

The ideal time about the IPD vaccine, according to Atilla explanation is 4 times, namely when the baby aged 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and repeated again at the age of 12 months. Atilla reinforce that the vaccine is safe and can be given simultaneously with other vaccines such as Hib, MMR and Hepatitis B.

In addition to immunization, prevention of pneumonia, according to Bambang is to maintain the balance of nutrition of children. "In addition, an effort so that children have a power of good body resistance, among other ways with enough rest also sport," he explained.

By the pneumonia bacteria

Pneumonia, which triggered the bacteria can attack anyone, from babies to old age. The actual cause of bacterial pneumonia is the most common is Streptococcus pneumoniae is the healthy human esophagus. Once the body's defense decreased by sickness, old age, or malnutrition, the bacteria multiply quickly and cause damage. All the network lungs filled with fluid and infection quickly spread to the entire body through the bloodstream.

Patients infected with pneumonia will be a high fever, sweat, napas panting, and beat it increased rapidly. Lips and nails may turn blue because of lack of oxygen the body. In the case of eksterm, patients will be chills, teeth bergemelutuk, chest pain, coughing, and if the green slime. Before the late, the disease can still be cured. Even for the prevention of the vaccine has been available.

By pneumonia virus

Half of the incidents is estimated to pneumonia caused by viruses. Currently more and more viruses that successfully identified. Although the viruses most of this attack is a part of the channel, especially in children, this interference can trigger pneumonia. Fortunately, most types of pneumonia and is not cured in a short time.

However, when infection occurred simultaneously with the influenza virus, interference can cause serious and sometimes death, a virus, which menginfeksi lungs will breed even though the network is not visible lungs filled liquids. Symptoms of viral pneumonia by the same with influenza, namely fever, dry cough headache, pain throughout the body. And pooped, during the 12 - to 136 hours, napas become crowded, great cough and increasing the amount mucus. High fever sometimes create a blue lips.

Pneumonia mikoplasma

These different types of pneumonia symptoms and physical signs of pneumonia when compared with the general. Therefore, the suspected pneumonia caused by viruses that have not been found, it is often also called pneumonia, which is not typical (Atypical Penumonia). Mikoplasma can not be classified as a virus or bacteria, although it has characteristics of both. Pneumonia produced berderajat usually mild and spread widely. Mikoplasma attack all types of age. But most often in children aged men and young teenagers. Death rate is very low, even in the not treated.

The most frequent symptoms are severe coughing, but with a little mucus. Fever and shiver appear only in the beginning, and in some patients can be nausea and vomiting. A new sense of weakness in lost time.

Other type of pneumonia

Included among these is Pneumocystitis Carinii pnumonia (PCP) is alleged to be caused by fungi, PCP is usually a sign of the disease in the initial attack with HIV / AIDS. PCP can be cured in many cases. This disease could appear again in a few months later, but the good treatment that will prevent or menundah kekambuhan. Pneumonia other, more rarely caused by the influx of food, liquids, gases, dust and mold. Rickettsia-entry group also between viruses and bacteria-caused Rocky Mountain fever, Q fever, typhus, and Psittacosis. Disease is also disrupt the function of lungs, pneumonia, but eyebrows tuberculosis infection lungs, TB is the most dangerous unless dioabati early.